Dab tsi yog Aristotle cov lus sib cav ntawm universals thiab tshwj xeeb?

2024 Tus sau: Edward Hancock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 01:32

Hauv plawv ntawm Aristotle cov kev thuam ntawm Plato txoj kev xav ntawm Cov Ntawv yog lub tswv yim uas universals tsis cais los ntawm yam tshwj xeeb . Platonists sib cav hais tias txhua yam khoom siv nws muaj nws tus kheej daim ntawv (s), uas tsis yog embodied nyob rau hauv cov khoom nws tus kheej, tab sis cais los ntawm nws.

Ib yam li ntawd, universals thiab tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi?

Universals . Universals yog ib chav kawm ntawm lub siab-kev ywj pheej cov koom haum, feem ntau sib txawv nrog cov tib neeg (los yog hu ua " yam tshwj xeeb "), postulated rau hauv av thiab piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej thiab zoo ib yam ntawm cov tib neeg. Cov tib neeg tau hais tias zoo sib xws hauv kev tsim txiaj ntawm kev sib koom universals.

Qhov thib ob, Aristotle cov khoom yog dab tsi? Yog li yam khoom yog cov qauv lossis daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab daim ntawv (piv txwv li, ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis tsiaj). Thaum kawg ntawm Z. 17, Aristotle piav yam khoom , nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: Primary ua rau ua. Qhov xwm (ntawm ib tsob nroj lossis tsiaj).

Tsis tas li lo lus nug yog, Aristotle txhais li cas rau universal?

Universals yog hom, khoom, lossis kev sib raug zoo uas muaj rau lawv qhov xwm txheej. Hauv Aristotle ' s saib, universals tsuas muaj nyob qhov twg lawv yog instantiated; lawv tsuas muaj nyob hauv tej yam. Aristotle hais tias a universal yog zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm nws cov piv txwv.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm universal thiab tshwj xeeb hauv kev xav?

Niaj hnub nimno logicians feem ntau hais tias universal cov lus tsis hais tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, thaum tag nrho tshwj xeeb nqe lus ua. Aristotle thiab Aristotelians tsis pom zoo. Lawv thov tias ob leeg universal thiab tshwj xeeb kev thov tuaj yeem yog hais txog yam uas muaj los yog yam tsis muaj.